A REVIEW ARTICLE ON GENE THERAPY

Advances in biotechnology have brought gene therapy to the forefront of medical research. Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient. One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells. Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors. Two main approaches emerged: in vivo modification and ex vivo modification. Retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus are suitable for gene therapeutic approaches which are based on permanent expression of the therapeutic gene. Non-viral vectors are far less efficient than viral vectors, but they have advantages due to their low immunogenicity and their large capacity for therapeutic DNA. Gene transfer protocols have been approved for human use in inherited diseases, cancers and acquired disorders

Optimization and Characterization of Fenugreek Seed Polymer Nanoparticles Loaded with Diltiazem HCl Nanoparticles by Desolvation Method

The main aim of the present investigation is to optimize and evaluate the fenugreek seed polymer nanoparticles using Diltiazem HCl as a model drug because Diltiazem HCl has short half-life. Nanoparticles were prepared by using desolvation method and evaluated to study the influence of polymer concentration and stirring speed on different characteristics of nanoparticles such as particle size, surface morphology, zeta potential, Encapsulation efficiency and In-vitro drug release. FTIR, DSC and XRD studies were also performed to determine the compatibility, degradation and crystalline nature of drug before and after formulation of nanoparticles. F7 (1:2 polymer concentration and 600 stirring speed) was optimized formulation based on its particle size (672.1nm), encapsulation efficiency (83.1) having higher stability of Zeta potential value of -26.2, smooth surface morphology and having higher retarded drug release with non fickkian diffusion. By studying all the characteristics it was finally concluded that a natural polymer obtained from fenugreek seed can be used as a rate controlling polymer in the preparation of nanoparticles. Keywords:  Diltiazem HCl, Fenugreek seed polymer, rate controlling polymer,      Nanoparticles, Desolvation

Fabrication of drug eluting medical device for treating stenosis by 3D printing and dip coating using aspirin as a model drug

3D printing is a new innovative manufacturing method for fabrication of customized medical devices. The customized medical devices & long-lasting implantable devices.has increasing demand for addressing some critical cases in surgeries. The main aim of this work was to explore the potential of 3D printing in Fabrication of medical devices and prosthetics. The characters of the polymers, the features of softwares were studied. The study showed that drug loading into filament through hot melt extrusion and followed by 3D printing has many defects such as denaturing of drugs at higher printing temperatures. The invention discloses the dip coating process  after fabrication of a 3D printed polymer structure. The drug release depends up on the surface area of the device, coated polymer, concentration of drug and thickness of the coat. The method for preparing the personalized drug eluting coronary stent / Bone wedges / Braces comprises the step that according to image data of coronary angiogram or volume rendered data from CT scans. The designing was done by adopting a QCA technique for measuring the diameter of a diseased coronary artery and reconstructing in a three-dimensional manner. According to indexes such as lesion vascular diameter, lesion length and lesion vascular pattern, a personalized coronary stent can be made for each patient in a customized manner and a stent most suitable for the lesion state of a patient can be prepared. Keywords: 3D printing, manufacturing method, Fabrication of medical device

Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals: An Overview on Synthesis and Regulatory Aspects

Co-Crystals are crystalline materials formed by bonding between a drug and co-former. This alternative approach help to overcome many issues arise during preformulation like solubility, dissolution characteristics, compressibility, and product stability. The co-crystal engineering is done by following hydrogen bonding rules and molecular structure by using Cambridge structural database. co-crystals can be synthesized by solution mediated and solvo thermal methods. The formation of the crystals was analyzed by some analytical techniques like FTIR, DSC etc. The regulation of pharmaceutical co-crystals and their formulations shows considerable effect on development and quality control strategies and also to the value of intellectual properties. Keywords: co-crystals, crystallization, Heterosynthons, stoichiometr